Factor affecting organizational citizenship behavior and employee performance in banking sector

Firman Budianto; Desi Tri Kurniawati

doi:10.20525/ijrbs.v13i5.3456

Authors

Firman Budianto Brawijaya University
Desi Tri Kurniawati Brawijaya University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v13i5.3456

Keywords:

Individual Characteristic, organizational commitment, Job satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), employee performance, Banking sector

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the role of individual characteristics, organizational commitment and job satisfaction on employee performance with an organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) mediation mechanism in the banking industry in Indonesia. Quantitative analysis was used for data analysis and questionnaires as a data collection technique were disseminated online using Google Forms to 122 employees with random sampling techniques. Data analysis using SEM-PLS with the help of SmartPLS application. The results found that individual characteristics had a significant effect on employee performance. However, organizational commitment and job satisfaction do not have a significant effect on employee performance. Furthermore, individual characteristics, organizational commitment and job satisfaction have a significant effect on OCB. Then OCB has a significant effect on employee performance. In addition, OCB mediates in part the influence of individual characteristics on employee performance. While OCB perfectly mediates the effect of organizational commitment and job satisfaction on employee performance.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Armstrong, M. (2009). Armstrong’s Handbook of Human Resource Practice. 11th Edition. Kogan Page. London.

Bashaw, R. E., & Grant, E. S. (1994). Exploring the distinctive nature of work commitments: Their relationships with personal characteristics, job performance, and propensity to leave. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 14(2), 41-56.

Boe, O. and Bang, H. (2017). The Big 12: The Most Important Character Strengths for Military Officers. Athens Journal of Social Sciences, 4(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.30958/ajss.4-2-4

Brahmasari, H., & Mujanah, H. (2017). The effect of individual characteristics, competence and quality of work life on work motivation, intention to leave and employee performance outsoursing manufacturing company in East Java Province. Archives of Business Research, 5(5), 115-125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.55.3014

Chandra, J. A., & Qomariah, N. (2020). Impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Leadership, Individual Characteristics and Competence on Teacher Performance. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis Indonesia, 6(2), 244-257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32528/jmbi.v6i2.4091

Chi-Chuan Lee., Xinrui L., Chin-Hsien Y., Jinsong, Z. (2021). Does fintech innovation improve bank efficiency? Evidence from China’s banking industry. International Review of Economics and Finance 74, 468-483.

Cook, K. S., Cheshire, C., Rice, E. R., & Nakagawa, S. (2013). Social exchange theory. Handbook of social psychology, 61-88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6772-0_3

Dubey, P., Pathak, A. K., & Sahu, K. K. (2023). Assessing the influence of effective leadership on job satisfaction and organisational citizenship behaviour. Rajagiri Management Journal, 17(3), 221-237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/RAMJ-07-2022-0108

Eliyana, A., Ma’arif, S., & Muzakki. (2019). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment effect in the transformational leadership towards employee performance. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 25(3), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2019.05.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2019.05.001

Epsilandri, S., & Muhammad. H. S. (2020). The effect of individual characteristics on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) with intrinsic motivation as an intervening variable in BUMDES. Journal of Business Studies and Management Review. Vol. 3(2), 26-31

Feather, N. T., & Rauter, K. A. (2004). Organizational citizenship behaviours in relation to job status, job insecurity, organizational commitment and identification, job satisfaction and work values. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 77(1), 81-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1348/096317904322915928

Fitrio, T., Apriansyah, R., Utami, S., & Yaspita, H. (2019). The effect of job satisfaction to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) mediated by organizational commitment. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 7(09), 1300-1310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v7i9.em01

Franco, M., & Prata, M. (2019). Influence of the individual characteristics and personality traits of the founder on the performance of family SMEs. European Journal of International Management, 13(1), 41-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2019.096498

Gaudet, M. C., & Tremblay, M. (2017). Initiating structure leadership and employee behaviors: The role of perceived organizational support, affective commitment and leader–member exchange. European Management Journal, 35(5), 663–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2017.04.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2017.04.001

Grobelna, A. (2019). Effects of individual and job characteristics on hotel contact employees’ work engagement and their performance outcomes: A case study from Poland. International journal of contemporary hospitality management, 31(1), 349-369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-08-2017-0501

Gupta, V., Mittal, S., Ilavarasan, P. V., & Budhwar, P. (2024). Pay-for-performance, procedural justice, OCB and job performance: a sequential mediation model. Personnel Review, 53(1), 136-154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-11-2021-0782

Gullifor, D. P., Petrenko, O. V., Chandler, J. A., Quade, M. J., & Rouba, Y. (2023). Employee reactions to perceived CSR: The influence of the ethical environment on OCB engagement and individual performance. Journal of Business Research, 161, 113835. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113835

Hanafi, A. (2016). Influence of individual characteristic and organization climate on job satisfaction and its impact on employee performance. Sains Humanika, 8(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v8n4.843

Harwiki, W. (2016). The Impact of Servant Leadership on Organization Culture, Organizational Commitment, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Employee Performance in Women Cooperatives. ProcediaSocial and Behavior Sciences. Vol. 219, pp. 283-290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.04.032

Hair Jr, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107-123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMDA.2017.10008574

Hasibuan, M. (2013). Human Resource Management. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.

Hellman, C. M. (1997). Job satisfaction and intent to leave. The journal of social psychology, 137(6), 677-689. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00224549709595491

Hetty van Emmerik, I. J., & Euwema, M. C. (2007). Who is offering a helping hand? Associations between personality and OCBs, and the moderating role of team leader effectiveness. Journal of managerial Psychology, 22(6), 530-548. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710778422

Indarti, S., Fernandes, A. A. R., & Hakim, W. (2017). The effect of OCB in relationship between personality, organizational commitment and job satisfaction on performance. Journal of Management Development, 36(10), 1283-1293. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-11-2016-0250

Jalil, S. W., Achan, P., Mojolou, D. N., & Rozaimie, A. (2015). Individual characteristics and job performance: generation Y at SMEs in Malaysia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 170, 137-145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.023

Judge, T. A., & Robbins, S. P. (2017). Essentials of organizational behavior. Pearson Education (us).

Khan, A. A., Abbasi, S. O. B. H., Waseem, R. M., Ayaz, M., & Ijaz, M. (2016). Impact of training and development of employees on employee performance through job satisfaction: A study of telecom sector of Pakistan. Business Management and Strategy, 7(1), 29- 46 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5296/bms.v7i1.9024

Latifah, I. N., Suhendra, A. A., & Mufidah, I. (2024). Factors affecting job satisfaction and employee performance: a case study in an Indonesian sharia property companies. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 73(3), 719-748. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-03-2021-0132

Lee, C. C., Li, X., Yu, C. H., & Zhao, J. (2021). Does fintech innovation improve bank efficiency? Evidence from China’s banking industry. International Review of Economics & Finance, 74, 468-483. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2021.03.009

Loan, L. J. M. S. L. (2020). The influence of organizational commitment on employees’ job performance: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Management Science Letters, 10(14), 3307-3312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.6.007

Locke, E.A. (1976). The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction. NewYork: John Wiley and Sons.

Maharjan, S. (2012). Association between work motivation and job satisfaction of college teachers. Administration and Management Review, 24(2), 45-55.

Mangkunegara, A.P. (2005). Human Resource Management. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.

Mangkunegara, A.P. (2009). HR Performance Evaluation. Bandung. PT Refika Aditama.

McShane, L.S. and Von Glinow, A.M. (2018). Organizational Behavior. 8th Edition. McGraw Hill Education. New York

Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human resource management review, 1(1), 61-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z

Meyer, J.P. & Allen, N. (1997). Commitment in the Workplace Theory, Research, and Application. SAGE Publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452231556

Nawawi, H. (2006). Performance Evaluation and Management in Corporate and Industrial Environments. Yogyakarta. Gajah Mada University Press.

Nurfitriyana, N., & Muafi, M. (2023). The effect of green organizational culture, green transformational leadership, and job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behavior: the role of mediating organizational commitment. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 12(3), 594-606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v12i3.2488

Nurrohmat, N. (2022). The effects of professionalism and behavior by organizational citizenship (OCB) as mediating variables on the effect of personality on performance (a study on Makassar Police). International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 39(4), 1040-1058. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-08-2018-0219

Nurjanah, S., Pebianti, V., & Handaru, A. W. (2020). The influence of transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and organizational commitments on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in the inspectorate general of the Ministry of Education and Culture. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1793521. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1793521

Organ, D.W. (1988). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome. Lexington: Lexington Books

Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2005). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature, antecedents, and consequences. Sage publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452231082

Podsakoff, P. M., Ahearne, M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Organizational citizenship behavior and the quantity and quality of work group performance. Journal of applied psychology, 82(2), 262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.82.2.262

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of management, 26(3), 513-563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600307

Robbins, S. (2002). Organizational Behavior. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.

Robbins, P. S. and Judge, T. A. (2017). Organizational Behavior. USA: Pearson Education.

Prabasari, I G., Martini, L. K, and Suardika, N. (2018). The Effect of Communication and Employee Engagement on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Employee Performance in Employees PT. PLN (persero) of Distribution of Bali. International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review. Vol. 9 (8), 21014-21025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr/2018/9/08/586

Ridwan, M. (2020). Analysis of organizational commitment through OCB on employee performance. Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 1(4), 543-555. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v1i4.189

Riyadi, S. (2019). The Influence of Job Satisfaction, Work Environment, Individual Characteristics and Compensation toward Job Stress and Employee Performance. International Review of Management and Marketing. Vol. 9 (3), 93-99 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.6920

Sahi, G. K., & Mahajan, R. (2014). Employees Of Organisational Commitment and Teh Impact On Turnover Intentions. Asia Pacific Journal Marketing Logistics, 26(4), 621–646. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-12-2014-0015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-01-2014-0015

Sembiring, N., Nimran, U., Astuti, E. S., & Utami, H. N. (2020). The effects of emotional intelligence and organizational justice on job satisfaction, caring climate, and criminal investigation officers’ performance. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 28(5), 1113-1130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-10-2019-1908

Setyarini, E., & Setiawan, M. H. (2020). The effect of individual characteristics on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) with intrinsic motivation as an intervening variable in BUMDES. JOURNAL OF BUSINESS STUDIES AND MANGEMENT REVIEW, 3(2), 26-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22437/jbsmr.v3i2.9707

Ufuophu-Biri, E., & Iwu, C. G. (2014). Job motivation, job performance and gender relations in the broadcast sector in Nigeria. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n16p191

Valaei, N., & Jiroudi, S. (2016). Job satisfaction and job performance in the media industry: A synergistic application of partial least squares path modelling. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 28(5), 984-1014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-10-2015-0160

Vosloban, R. I. (2012). The Influence of the Employee's Performance on the company's growth-a managerial perspective. Procedia economics and finance, 3, 660-665. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(12)00211-0

Wang, W., & Wirsching, S. G. (2015). Human Resource Management Strategies of a Start-up and Job Retention: The Moderator Role of the Millennial Mindset. In Decision Sciences Institute (Vol. 18).

Williams, L. J. and Anderson, S.E. (1991). Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship and In-Role Behavior. Journal of Management. Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 601-617 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700305

Wombacher, J. C., & Felfe, J. (2017). Dual commitment in the organization: Effects of the interplay of team and organizational commitment on employee citizenship behavior, efficacy beliefs, and turnover intentions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 102, 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.05.004

Zanardi, M., & Brusa, J. O. (2023). the Effect of Work Environment and Individual Characteristics on Medical Medical Employee Performance At Pt Sari Tani Sumatra. Medalion Journal: Medical Research, Nursing, Health and Midwife Participation, 4(1), 15-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59733/medalion.v4i1.68