Weighing of the criminalization of cannabis in Indonesia narcotic law with international human rights law perspective

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i6.1972

Keywords:

Cannabis, Drug Law, Human Rights, Drug Controlled Regime, The Rights to Health, War on Drugs.

Abstract

The criminalization of the use of cannabis also leads to the limitation of access to medicine and research to explore the benefit of drug choices related to cannabis substances. this article explores the negative consequences of Indonesian criminalization policy towards cannabis use in Indonesian drug law against human rights and to what extent the human rights regime should prevail over the war on drug narrative. The research uses the qualitative method with library research, laws and statutes analyses on cannabis personal use or policy on medical cannabis.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alam, W. Y., Marijan, K., Aminah, S., & Putranto, T. D. (2020). Drug eradication in indonesian millennials through school visits. Journal of Drug and Alcohol Research, 9(1), 1-6.

Barrett, D. (2010). Security, development and human rights: Normative, legal and policy challenges for the international drug control system. International Journal of Drug Policy, 21(2), 140-144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2010.01.005

Bassiouni, M. C. (1996). International Crimes:" Jus Cogens" and" Obligatio Erga Omnes". Law and Contemporary Problems, 59(4), 63-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1192190

Bewley-Taylor, D. R. (2003). Challenging the UN drug control conventions: problems and possibilities. International Journal of Drug Policy, 14(2), 171-179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-3959(03)00005-7

Boister, N. (1998). The suppression of illicit drugs through international law (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nottingham).

Böllinger, L. (2004). Drug law and policy in Germany and the European community: Recent developments. Journal of Drug Issues, 34(3), 491-510. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002204260403400302

Carpentier, C., Niaz, K., & Tettey, J. (2018). The international drug conventions continue to provide a flexible framework to address the drug problem. Addiction, 113(7), 1228-1229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14112

Collins, J. (2021). Evaluating trends and stakeholders in the international drug control regime complex. International Journal of Drug Policy, 90, 103060. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.103060

Danenberg, E., Sorge, L. A., Wieniawski, W., Elliott, S., Amato, L., & Scholten, W. K. (2013). Modernizing methodology for the WHO assessment of substances for the international drug control conventions. Drug and alcohol dependence, 131(3), 175-181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.032

Ekici, B. (2016). Why Does The International Drug-Control System Fail? All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace, 5(2), 63-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20991/allazimuth.257678

Flacks, S. J. (2018). Drug law reform, performativity and the politics of childhood. International Journal of Drug Policy, 51, 56-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.10.003

Fransiska, A., Larasati, A., & Gunawan, R. (2011). Between Diego and Mario: Children, Families, and the Drug War in Indonesia. Children of the Drug War, 142, 1-12.

Fransiska, A. (2018). Decriminalisation Approach to Drug Use from a Human Rights Perspective. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.

Fransiska, A. (2021). The Right to Health Assessment on Indonesian Policy on Releasing Incarcerated People. In 2nd International Conference on Law and Human Rights 2021 (ICLHR 2021) (pp. 553-559). Atlantis Press.

Godwin, J. (2016). A public health approach to drug use in Asia: Principles and practices for decriminalisation. United Kingdom: IDPC Publication.

Law No. 8 of 1976 in the ratification of UN Single Convention on Drugs; Law no. 8 of 1996 on the Ratification of UN Convention on Psychotropic Drug; Law No. 7 of 1997 on the Ratification of Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs.

Leechaianan, Y., & Longmire, D. R. (2013). The use of the death penalty for drug trafficking in the United States, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand: A comparative legal analysis. Laws, 2(2), 115-149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/laws2020115

Lehner, I. (2021). The worldwide opioid crisis and the UN drug Conventions: why the international system is not working. ex ante-Zeitschrift der juristischen Nachwuchsforscher, (1), 25-32.

Marune, A. E. M. S., & Hartanto, B. (2021). Strengthening Personal Data Protection, Cyber Security, and Improving Public Awareness in Indonesia: Progressive Legal Perspective. International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development, 2(4), 143-152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46336/ijbesd.v2i4.170

Mutiarin, D., Tomaro, Q. P. V., & Almarez, D. N. (2019). The War on Drugs of Philippines and Indonesia: A Literature Review. Southeast Asia, 9(1), 41-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v9i1.14355

Paoli, L., Greenfield, V. A., & Reuter, P. (2012). Change is possible: The history of the international drug control regime and implications for future policymaking. Substance Use & Misuse, 47(8-9), 923-935. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2012.663592

Perdana, M. F. A. (2021). Efforts to Use Informants in Investigating Criminal Acts of Narcotics Abuse by the Narcotics Unit of the Bandar Lampung Police. Advances in Police Science Research Journal, 5(10), 1-12.

Putranti, I. R. (2022). Crypto Minning: Indonesia Carbon Tax Challenges and Safeguarding International Commitment on Human Security. International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development, 3(1), 10-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46336/ijbesd.v3i1.206

Robertson, S. (2021). The Role of the UN International Drug Control Conventions in Facilitating Law Enforcement Cooperation in the Policing of Transnational Drug Trafficking. Contemporary Challenges: The Global Crime, Justice and Security Journal, 2, 172-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2218/ccj.v2.5359

Room, R. (2005). Trends and issues in the international drug control system—Vienna 2003. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 37(4), 373-383. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2005.10399810

Room, R. (2012). Reform by subtraction: the path of denunciation of international drug treaties and reaccession with reservations. International Journal of Drug Policy, 23(5), 401-406. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.04.001

Room, R., & Reuter, P. (2012). How well do international drug conventions protect public health?. The Lancet, 379(9810), 84-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61423-2

Seddon, T. (2020). Markets, regulation and drug law reform: Towards a constitutive approach. Social & Legal Studies, 29(3), 313-333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0964663919868756

Sergio, D. (2022). Human Rights Violation in the Manifestation of Indonesia's Inefficacious Covid-19 Policies Towards the Lower Socio-Economic Class. International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development, 3(1), 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46336/ijbesd.v3i1.190

Sugihartati, R., & Susilo, D. (2019). Acts against drugs and narcotics abuse: Measurement of the effectiveness campaign on Indonesian narcotics regulator Instagram. Journal of Drug and Alcohol Research, 8, 1-4.

Takahashi, S. (2009). Drug Control, Human Rights, and the Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Health: by no means straightforward issues. Hum. Rts. Q., 31, 748. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.0.0092

Tettey, J. N., Crean, C., Fakhri, A., & Jones de Rocco, C. (2022). International Drug Control: Protecting the Health of the Athlete. In Emerging Drugs in Sport (pp. 83-95). Springer, Cham. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79293-0_6

United Nations (1971). Convention on Psychotropic Substances, February 21, 1971. https://www.unodc.org/pdf/convention_1971_en.pdf. (accessed November 29, 2021).

United Nations (1988). United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. May 25, 1988. https://www.unodc.org/pdf/convention_1988_en.pdf. (accessed November 29, 2021) .

Vienna Convention on the International treaties (1980) Art. 31(1), came into force in January 1980, UNTS vol. 1155.

Wall, M., Fordham, A., & Bewley-Taylor, D. (2022). The Global Drug Policy Index: its rationale and the role of civil society. The Lancet, 399(10325), 627-628. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00181-7

Windari, R., & Effendi, T. (2021). Child Rights and Human Security: Promoting Child Protection At The Tourist Attractions On Madura. International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development, 2(4), 162-170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46336/ijbesd.v2i4.171

Downloads

Published

2022-09-12

How to Cite

Fransiska, A. (2022). Weighing of the criminalization of cannabis in Indonesia narcotic law with international human rights law perspective. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 11(6), 591–599. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i6.1972

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 6 (2022): September

Section

Legal Issues in Social Science

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Asmin Fransiska

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

For all articles published in IJRBS, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work, while ensuring that the authors receive proper credit.