Determinants of interest to join sharia cooperative members

Cooperatives are still one of the many solutions offered from the concept of populist economy which was initiated since the time of independence. However, after several years of cooperative existence there are still many cases that have not been successfully handled by the government related to cooperatives that are fraudulent and act criminally against their members. This has made people's trust in cooperatives begin to decline. This study aims to determine the factors that can increase interest in joining members, namely interpersonal skills, organizational image and religiosity. The research method used was structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS) using the Smartpls version 3 application. The results showed that interpersonal skills and organizational image had a significant positive effect on religiosity and intention to join. Furthermore, religiosity mediates the influence between the two independent variables. © 2023 by the authors. Licensee SSBFNET, Istanbul, Turkey. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license


Introduction
Cooperatives are still one of the many solutions offered from the concept of the populist economy that was initiated since the time of independence.Economic independence through the mutual cooperation of the Indonesian people is one of the main objectives of the establishment of cooperatives.However, after several years of cooperative existence there are still many cases that have not been successfully handled by the government related to cooperatives that are fraudulent and act criminally against their members.This has made people's trust in cooperatives begin to decline.
Teten Masduki as the Indonesian Minister of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises said that there are difficulties in dealing with problematic cooperative problems at this time, it is known that at least until now there have been losses of up to IDR 26 trillion.This makes people's trust decrease when they want to join as customers of savings and loan cooperatives.Therefore, in this study it is interesting to study the role of organizational (cooperative) image in order to attract customers' interest in joining Islamic cooperatives.
Even though the strength of cooperatives in helping the Indonesian economy has been proven in real terms.According to data from the Central Statistics Agency (2022) in the last three years the number of active cooperatives in Indonesia has continued to increase to 127,846 in 2021.This number has decreased in 2019 to 123,048 cooperative units.However, during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 it again increased by approximately 4 thousand cooperative units that were back in operation.Based on these data, it clearly illustrates that cooperatives are a business unit that can survive even when a pandemic occurs.Furthermore, BPS data states that in 2020 there will be an average of 700 members per cooperative throughout Indonesia.This certainly illustrates that people's trust in savings and loan cooperatives is very high, because it is evident from the high number of cooperative members in each cooperative unit in each region.This research will examine the interest in joining customers in one of the Sharia cooperatives, namely the Baitul Tamwil Muhammadiyah Surya Buana Multi-Business Cooperative located in Trenggalek, East Java.This cooperative is a financial institution that is based on Sharia and has a strong legal entity.Based on the initial survey in the field, it is known that BTM Surya Buana KSU, apart from having a savings and loan business unit, also has shops, Alfamart and also PertaShop and based on data, this cooperative has approximately 600 customers or active members.This illustrates that this cooperative is worthy of being used as an object of research because it can describe the actual condition of public trust which will be measured using organizational image and also interpersonal skills as one of the abilities of cooperative management in influencing prospective customers.
Furthermore, this research tries to complement the results of research from Fernandez & Hardivizon (2016) which still has research limitations related to the role of interpersonal skills on interest in joining Islamic cooperatives with an influence of 43.3% while the rest is influenced by variables that have not been discussed, so that in This study tries to add organizational image variables as independent variables and a mediating variable in the form of religiosity as a form of novelty in this study.Based on data and phenomena that occur in the field, this study aims to investigate more deeply the factors that can increase interest in joining Surya Buana Cooperative customers, namely interpersonal skills and organizational image mediated by religiousity.

Interest to Join
The word interest etymologically comes from the English interest which means liking, attention, high inclination towards something.Interest is a mental device which consists of hopes and feelings as well as tendencies that direct an individual towards certain thoughts by focusing on something he is interested in with feelings of pleasure and satisfaction.According to Djaali, interest is a feeling of preference and a sense of interest in something or activity, without being told (Djaali, 2008).According to Sukardi (1994), interest is part of a person's personality element which plays an important role in a future decision-making which directs each individual to an object on the basis of pleasure or displeasure.Thus, interest can be known from someone's happy or unhappy statement about something.Interest is defined as a person's subjective possibility to do something or perform certain behaviors (Effendi, et al., 2022).

Interpersonal Skill
Interpersonal skills are defined as skills to recognize and respond appropriately to the feelings, attitudes, behaviors and motivations and desires of other people.How we are able to build harmonious relationships by understanding and responding to humans or other people is part of interpersonal skills (Bramantyo & Prasetyo, 2007).
The results of previous research show that interpersonal skills have a significant impact on interest in joining Muslim communities (Fernandez & Hardivizon, 2016).The results of this study used multiple linear regression with the following results: 1) Employee interpersonal communication has a significant influence on the interest of Muslim communities to become members of Islamic Cooperatives and 2) Employee self-awareness can increase interest in joining Islamic Cooperatives.According to Buhrmester, et al (Daniyati & Sugiman, 2015), aspects of interpersonal skills include: (1) ability to take initiative, (2) ability to be open (selfdisclosure), (3) ability to be assertive, (4) ability to provide support emotional, and (5) the ability to overcome conflict.

Organizational Image
Community behavior in making decisions to join an organization is influenced by several aspects, one of which is the image of the organization.An organization that has a positive organizational image will lead to an increase in the number of cadres who join.Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which is a theory of planned behavior.Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is a theory that explains what problems make a person take certain actions.Organizational image variable can be related to Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).In accordance with the concept of attitude in this theory which determines a person's judgment to like or dislike something (Huda, 2015).Meanwhile, according to Haki (2020) Image is the emergence of a person's perception or opinion of an object.The image makes the impression of an object to another object that is tangible, namely transforming information at any time, obtained from other objects whose information can be accounted for.

Religiosity
Religiosity is a belief in religious teachings which include belief in God, religious practices in daily life, experiences that make sure, religious knowledge adhered to and practice in practice (Jalaluddin, 2012).According to crow and crow, there are three factors that generate interest, namely internal needs, social motives, and emotional factors.The driving factor of the individual in this study is religiosity.Religiosity is a factor within the individual where the understanding of each individual in adhering to and implementing religious teachings differs from one another (Nugroho & Nurkhin, 2019).This is in line with the results of research from Rismawati (2020) which found that religiosity has a significant effect on increasing interest in becoming a muzakki (a person who will pay zakat).This is reinforced by the findings from Rohmanto (2018) that a person's level of religiosity can affect people's interest in joining a community.
The research hypothesis can be presented as follows: H1: Interpersonal skills have a significant effect on interest in joining H2: Organizational image has a significant effect on interest in joining H3: Interpersonal skills have a significant effect on religiosity H4: Organizational image has a significant effect on religiosity H5: Religiosity has a significant effect on interest in joining

Research and Methodology
This study uses a type of quantitative research using a questionnaire as a tool to collect data from respondents.The reason for using this type of research is because the research objective is to determine the causality of the proposed hypothesis.The object used is a member of KSU BTM Surya Buana located in Trenggalek, East Java.The cooperative had 2740 members from 2010-2017, but over time until 2022 it was known that the number of active members was 600 people who were then used as the population in this study.Furthermore, the sampling technique used random sampling and obtained a sample of 100 active members who completed and returned the questionnaires that had been distributed.This study uses a structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS) data analysis technique because it is considered a suitable technique for testing hypotheses with complex models (Hair et al., 2008).After the data is collected, it is continued to test the validity and reliability of the data using the SmartPLS version 3 application.After the data is declared valid and reliable, it is continued with hypothesis testing using the boothstrapping technique using the Smartpls application as well.The following can be presented the model in this study.

Validity Test
There are three criteria in the use of data analysis techniques with SmartPLS to assess the outer model, namely convergent validity, discriminant validity and composite reliability.Convergent validity of the measurement model with reflexive indicators is assessed based on the correlation between the item score/component score estimated by the SmartPLS software.The individual reflexive measure is said to be high if it correlates more than 0.70 with the construct being measured.However, according to Chin (in Ghozali, 2008) for the early stages of research, the development of a measurement scale for a loading value of 0.5 to 0.6 was considered sufficient.In this study, a loading factor limit of 0.60 will be used.

Convergent Validity
In the following, the outer model test is presented.The loading factor value shows the weight of each indicator as a measure of each variable.Indicators with large loading factors show that these indicators measure the strongest (dominant) variable.In the PLS model, the loading factor for reflexive indicators is outer loading, and for formative indicators is outer weight.Based on the results of convergent validity testing in table 1 above, it can be seen that the loading factor value for each item has exceeded 0.70.Following Hair et al., (2014), all items used in the questionnaire in order to investigate respondents' perceptions are valid.

Discriminant Validity
Discriminant validity is carried out to ensure that each concept of each latent variable is different from other variables.The validity and reliability criteria can also be seen from the reliability value of a construct and the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) value of each construct.The construct is said to have high reliability if the value is 0.70 and the AVE is above 0.50.Based on the results of the discriminant validity test in table 2 above, it shows that the AVE value is above 0.50.So it can be concluded that all items used in measuring variables are declared valid.Based on the results of the reliability test in table 3, it shows that the Cronbachs alpha and composite reliability values of all variables are above 0.70.It can be concluded that the interpersonal skills, organizational image, religiousity and intention to join variables have items that are reliable and feasible to do hypothesis testing.4 above the results of hypothesis testing concluded that the results of hypothesis testing in table 4, it shows that the interpersonal skill variable directly influences intention to join with a coefficient value of 0.344 and t-statistic 4.929 > 1.96 with a P-Value of 0.000, it can be concluded that interpersonal skill has a significant positive effect on intention to join.Which Furthermore, based on the results of hypothesis testing, it also shows that the interpersonal skill variable also has a direct effect on religiousity with a coefficient value of 0.287 and t-statistic 3.162 > 1.96 with a P-Value of 0.002, it can be concluded that interpersonal skill has a significant positive effect on religiousity.Which means the better the interpersonal skills of the cooperative management, the more religiosity the cooperative members have, and vice versa.

Structural Model (Inner Model)
Based on the results of hypothesis testing also shows that the organizational image variable has a direct effect on religiosity with a coefficient value of 0.311 and t-statistic 2.637 > 1.96 with a P-Value of 0.009, it can be concluded that organizational image has a significant positive effect on religiosity.Which means the better the organizational image of the cooperative, the more religious the members of the cooperative have an impact, and vice versa.
Based on the results of hypothesis testing also shows that the organizational image variable has a direct effect on the intention to join with a coefficient value of 0.410 and the t-statistic 5.345 > 1.96 with a P-Value of 0.000, it can be concluded that organizational image has a significant positive effect on intention to join.Which means the better the organizational image of the cooperative, the more it will increase the interest to join cooperative members, and vice versa.In principle, this study uses 2 variables that are influenced by other variables, namely Religiousity and Intention to Join.Table 5 shows that the R-square value for the Religiousity variable is 0.190, and for the Intention to Join variable it is 0.591.
The predictive-relevance Q-Square value is obtained by the formula: From the formula above, it can be seen that the predictive-relevance value is 66.8%, so the model in this study can be concluded as feasible.Furthermore, the predictive-relevance value of 66.8% indicates that there is a variation in the data in the study of 66.8%.While the remaining 30.8% is explained by other variables (which are not included in the model) and errors.These results say that the PLS model formed is good, because it can explain 66.8% of the overall information.Based on the results of the mediation test in table 6, it shows that religiosity can be a mediating variable between interpersonal skills and intention to join, with a t-statistic value of 2.552 > 1.96.That is, the existence of the religiousity variable can further increase the intention to join with good interpersonal skills.Furthermore, religiosity can be a mediating variable between organizational and intention to join by having a t-statistic value of 2.530 > 1.96.This means that the existence of religiosity will increase the intention to join with the organizational image.

Conclusion
Based on the results of the research and the explanation of the results of the statistical analysis above, it can be concluded that in this study religiosity proved successful as a mediating variable in the relationship between interpersonal skills and organizational image on the intention to join cooperative members.This illustrates that the existence of religiosity in each administrator can increase the intention to join from members of the cooperative, religiosity has proven to be a bridge between interpersonal skills and organizational image and intention to join.In addition, interpersonal skills can directly increase intention to join, as well as organizational image

Hypothesis Mediation Result
Total Effect (t-statistic) Religiosity Interpersonal Skill and Intention to Join 2.552 Accepted Organizational Image and Intention to Join 2.530 Accepted can be a predictor of intention to join in cooperative members.The results of these findings are an additional reference for the body of knowledge in the field of human resource management, where in order to increase the number of cooperative members it is necessary to pay attention to the interpersonal skills of administrators through training and development.In addition, it is also necessary to improve the image of the organization through continuous branding so that there are more cooperative members and more prosperous members if the business units being run are growing.

Figure 1 :
Figure 1: Conceptual Model of The Study.Source: Author

Table 1 :
Validity Test Result Table 2 will present the AVE root values for all variables.

Table 2 :
Average Variance Extracted Result

Table 3 :
Reliability Test Result the interpersonal skills possessed by cooperative management, the more interest in joining cooperative members will increase, and vice versa.